authority, national identity, and the interplay between republicanism and monarchism. In this conference, Alfredo Pimenta explores the implications of the 5th December revolution led by Sidónio Pais, which he believes is a misguided attempt to maintain order against the backdrop of a failing republicanism. He emphasizes that while there was some initial public enthusiasm, the true sentiment of the Portuguese people leans toward a monarchy, which they see as synonymous with stability and historical continuity. Pimenta critiques the republican government for failing to effectively address national issues and suggests that without resolving the ambiguity regarding Portugal's political identity, the ongoing chaos will continue. He concludes by advocating for the idea of preparing for a return to monarchy while recognizing the temporary necessity of supporting the current regime to restore order in society. (This is an automatically generated summary.)